Panic Attack or Heart Attack? Understanding Panic Disorder
Panic Disorder involves recurrent, unexpected panic attacks—sudden surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes. Patients often believe they are dying or “going crazy.” This condition sits at the interface of psychiatry and cardiology (Psychocardiology), as the symptoms mimic cardiac events.
Symptoms of a Panic Attack
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Heart palpitations: Pounding or racing heart.
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Sweating and trembling.
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Shortness of breath: Feeling of choking or suffocation.
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Chest pain: Often mistaken for a heart attack.
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Nausea: Abdominal distress.
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Derealization: Feeling detached from oneself or reality.
The “Heart-Mind” Connection Many patients in India first rush to the Emergency Room (ER) fearing a heart attack. Once cardiac causes are ruled out, it is crucial to consult a psychiatrist. Untreated Panic Disorder can lead to “Agoraphobia”—the fear of being in places where escape might be difficult (e.g., crowded trains or markets).
Treatment Approach
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Rescue vs. Maintenance: Psychiatrists may prescribe fast-acting medications for immediate relief during an attack, but long-term maintenance relies on antidepressants (SSRIs) that prevent attacks from occurring.
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Interoceptive Exposure: A therapy technique where patients are safely exposed to physical sensations of panic (like a racing heart) to reduce their fear of the symptoms.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: How do I distinguish a panic attack from a heart attack? A: While symptoms overlap, panic attacks often occur when at rest and may be accompanied by emotional terror. However, always seek emergency medical attention for chest pain to rule out cardiac issues first.
Q: Is tele-psychiatry effective for Panic Disorder? A: Yes. Under the Telemedicine Practice Guidelines 2020, Registered Medical Practitioners (RMPs) in India can effectively manage panic disorder via video consultations, provided emergency cardiac issues are excluded.
